Mgr. Jiří Kučera

* 1948

  • "Ostříhat a znova vyfotit. Pak když jsem si to nechal projít hlavou a po čase jsem si říkal, že jsem se měl zachovat statečněji. Bohužel jsem se nezachoval a nechal se ostříhat. Měl jsem říct: Vy mě nechcete odvést, dejte mi to písemně, že mě nechcete odvést a já na tu vojnu nepůjdu. Ale to asi je člověk po čase hrdina. To se mě ale hodně dotklo, protože ty vlasy byly symbol doby, svobody a toho hraní. Všechno to bylo fantastické, a teď když vás o to připraví, tak odchází kus osobnosti. Tohle prožila spousta kluků. Nástup na vojnu díky tomuhle tomu to nebylo dobré, hlavně ten odvod, pak už to na vejšce padlo. Ale u toho odvodu jsem to snad i obulel. To byl zásah do osobnosti a vojáky z povolání jsem neměl rád a měl jsem s tím pak i problémy na cvičení, kde mě museli holit. To byly takové zásahy do svobody a normálního uvažování, to si dneska nedovedete představit, co to bylo, jak toho člověka dokázali zašlapat do země. Tam jsem to zase prožil zase. Odvod se mi po letech zopakoval znova, když jsem jako dospělý člověk šel na cvičení. Měl jsem vousy a oni mi řekli: 'Oholit!' Já jsem řekl, že ne, že to mám v pase a v občanském průkaze a po návratu z cvičení odjíždím do ciziny, kam mě jinak nepustí. Byl to těžký boj, odolával jsem snad čtrnáct dní nebo tři neděle. Pamatuji si jako dneska, jak říkají: 'Ne! Platí zákl. jedna, jedna, tady je nějaký předpis, ten podepsal soudruh Gustav Husák a to musíte splnit!' Tak mě nakonec tak dlouho deptali, že jsem se nakonec jednou oholil a do konce cvičení jsem měl zase vousy, protože jsem se neholil. Takový vzdor... Ale to byly ty ukázky toho, jak autoritativní režim dokáže člověka zadupat do země."

  • "Důvodem k propuštění byla křesťanská náklonnost k víře rodiny a matka se toho nikdy vzdát nechtěla. Boj režimu s klérem byl výrazný a silný... a na tátu nebylo co najít. Vnitřně se s režimem neztotožňoval, ale navenek to nějakým způsobem najevo nedával. Na jeho hodinách při výuce jsem nebyl, ale jak jsem ho znal, tak tohle šlo mimo, že se věnoval svým vědeckým věcem a formování osobností studentů. Takže tohleto byl ten hlavní důvod, že rodina chodila do kostela. Na základě toho otec nemohl vychovávat mladou budovatelskou generaci lidově demokratického státu, když patřil do křesťanské rodiny. Pravděpodobně to byl ten důvod, proč ho propustili."

  • "Vím, že jeho propuštění vyvolalo poměrně silnou reakci na gymnáziu. Částečně od kolegů, ale i od studentů. Co vím z doslechu, tak údajně psali dopis prezidentu republiky, že oblíbeného kantora propouštět z nějakých důvodů, které nebyly zcela jasné. Takže se za něho stavěli a pak s těmi signatáři toho dopisu bylo pak hovořeno ze strany ředitele a možná i tajemníka strany. Nakonec je přesvědčili, aby ten dopis neposílali, takže to bylo poměrně dramatické. Myslím, že tam velmi aktivní roli sehrál tehdejší ředitel pan Sztacho, který byl v tomto směru velice aktivní. V podstatě ovlivnil dál život i mých sourozenců, ale nejen sourozenců, ale i spoustu lidí v Humpolci na tu dobu vzpomíná. A vzpomíná na to, jak tento člověk škodil."

  • "We were walking around the city and taking down the signboards of the Union of Czechoslovak-Soviet Friendship, which we destroyed. Just some kind of defiance, resistance to it, because everyone felt that something was completely wrong. That was great. Then we went to Orlovská hájovna (gamekeeper´s cabin) with friends and we spent some time making plans to hurt the Russians. We composed the song and we were in a pub in Kejžlice, we drank a bit and we sang through the whole village: 'When Leon Brezhnev hangs on a branch ...' Stupidity of young boys, but we had them all, from Honecker to Ceausescu, and we sang all of them like this when we went up the village to the gamekeeper´s cabin. There were a lot of mushrooms there, so we ate mushrooms. It was a bit of a partisan game. Then the holidays were over, the school started ... we just said that no one in this state could say: Long live the Soviet Union! That can't happen anymore. It's just the end, to trust the Russians. Liberation, and then this came, it was a terrible shock. Then normalization began and somewhere on the radio from the exit from Kolbenka or somewhere it came again: 'Long live ...!' I got completely frozen. After all, we said that no one in that state could say that after what they had done to us. And again, there were people who began to support the regime."

  • "The fact is that my mother was a strong believer, she was a Catholic, and she led us to it from childhood. And that wasn't very common in the 1950s. Although my father was lukewarm in this direction, he did not go to church, my mother went, she was taking us with her. Then in those fifties one event took place, now I don't know if in the year 1956/1957, I was basically a little boy. Some quota arose on how many people needed to be removed from education or replaced by others. I know that here in Humpolec, I guess three people were chosen - my father, Mr. Muller, Mr. Šimbach. I have the impression that they taught at different types of schools. It was to be an exemplary warning that they were not behaving within what the current regime required, because going to church was a terrible evil. Although my father did not attend church and I think that, perhaps many witnesses could confirm that he was very popular among students as a professor. At that time, a wave arose against his dismissal. In the end, the students wanted to write to the presidency, then someone talked to them. The main figure of the whole problem was Mr. Josef Sztacho, who was the director of the grammar school, which was then connected with the primary school in Hradská Street."

  • "However, I believed that there was basically a better system because we knew nothing about democracy. Nobody told us anything like that since we were young, that there is such a thing at all, that there is a plurality of opinions, that there isn´t only one we have to blindly ... But we grew up in it from an early age, so we had no idea that there were other possibilities. The elders were supposed to work on it somehow, but I didn't even get it. So, I thought: Yeah, well, there will be socialism [with a human face] and it'll be better, culture will work. I did not realize that socialism with a human face is a chimera that is unfulfillable. Because either there is a plurality of opinions, and then, of course, there is democracy, not socialism, which played the leading role of the party. And one party cannot function in a pluralistic system. But at the time, it didn't bother anyone that such a thing could exist. "

  • "The moment that marked our family was the time of the 1950s, when it was really bitter and we all felt it was a terrible injustice to our father. He did not cope with it very well either. The family was suffering. As little children, we didn't feel it, that we would be hungry or anything, we were not. There was no luxury that we would buy bikes, skis and things like that, no, but otherwise I had quite a good childhood with a bunch of guys. When I was growing up, I had another experience with the army, which was interesting too. I started playing big beat, pretty long hair and stuff like that, and then there was a military draft and I was expelled at the military draft. I was soft, because if I had the sense I have today, I would have said, 'Do you want to take me away or not? You probably don't want to, give it to me written. That was the first moment that hit me quite hard with totalitarianism, as a boy I took it badly. I was eighteen and those were the years, the beautiful sixties and just the Beatles and the big beat, and now the soldiers came in and that was a terrible thing. I completely hated them because they humiliated me. They basically humiliated me when they sent me for a haircut, and I went to the military draft again the next day. That was one more contact with totalitarianism that I had a hard time bearing."

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    Humpolec, 14.03.2022

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    media recorded in project Stories of 20th Century
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    Jihlava, 06.04.2022

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We felt dad’s dismissal was terrible injustice

Jiří Kučera, a photo for ID card, 1963
Jiří Kučera, a photo for ID card, 1963
photo: archive of the witness

Jiří Kučera was born on January 20, 1948 in Humpolec. His father, Josef Kučera, taught mathematics and physics at the local secondary grammar school, from where he was dismissed for political reasons after the communists joined in the 1950s. His dismissal was to be an exemplary punishment and he subsequently worked as an accountant in a tailor’s team. He returned to education shortly before retiring in the mid-1960s. After the father’s dismissal from school, the witness’s older siblings had problems during further studies. Jiří Kučera graduated in 1967 and later studied at the University of Education in České Budějovice. He also played in the Humpolec big beat band The Strangers. From 1971 he taught at primary schools and from 1990 he worked as a primary school principal. From 1994 to 2018 he was a member of the Humpolec City Council, he was a member of the city council from the 1994 to 1998 election period and from 2002 to 2018 the mayor of the city. He lived in Humpolec at the time of filming (March 2022).